Economic assessment of maize (Zea mays L.) – Spinach (Basella alba L.) intercropping system for improving the livelihood of smallholders’ in South-Asia

Article Details: Received: 2020-07-21 | Accepted: 2020-09-09 Available online: 2021-06-30 https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2021.24.02.101-109 The study was undertaken at Regional Agricultural Research Station of Bangladesh Institute, Ishurdi, Pabna, in consecutive two years 2015 and 2016 for evaluating the performance maize Indian spinach intercropping (MIS) under different row spacing higher profitability through economic assessment. Five cropping systems viz., T1 : hybrid normal along with one spinach, T2 paired T3 rows T4 three T5 sole were included this experiment. component crops evaluated regarding total grain vegetable yield, competitive functions, returns. results indicate that yield contributing characters not significantly affected by intercrop ratios. Maize (IS) (T4 ) combination had equivalent (11.06 t ha-1), gross return (US$ 1,499 margin 564 ha-1) benefitcost ratio (BCR) (2.07) than others treatments. This system also recorded land ratio, monetary advantage index, coefficient, income area time 1.24, US$ 2,434 ha-1, 0.30, 1.24 1.18, respectively. Hence, may adopt smallholders’ getting maximum benefits prevailing climate change. Keywords: economics, intercropping, References Aasim, M., Muhammad, E. U. & Karim, A. (2008). Yield competition indices cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) using planting patterns. Tarim Bilimleri Dergisi, 14(4), 326–333. Adetiloye, P. O. Ezedinma, F. C. (1983). A co-efficient (LEC) concept evaluation productive interactions simple to complex crop mixture. Ecological Modelling, 19, 27–39. Alom, M. S., Paul, N. K. Quayyum, (2009). Performances (Zea mays varieties groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Journal Research, 34(4), 585–595. Anjaneyulu, V. R., Singh, S. Pal, (1982). Effect free period technique pattern pearl millet on growth mungbean productivity solid millet/mungbean system. Agronomy, 27(3), 219–226. Bantie, Y. B. (2014). Determination effective spatial arrangement potato South Wollo, Ethiopia. International Nutrition Food Sciences, 2(8), 9–19. Begum, et al. (2017). Annual research report 2016–2017. Gazipur. Bharati, (2007). irrigation levels water use efficiency economics winter mays) based systems. 52(1), 27–30. Chaudhari, D. (2018). Intercropping leafy vegetables planted sweet corn lateritic soils Konkan region Maharashtra state. Agriculture 10(8), 5834–5837. Debasenapathy, P., Ramesh, T. Gangwar, Efficiency agricultural management research. New India Publishing Agency Pitam pura, Delhi. Dhima, Competition common vetch cereal intercrops seeding ratio. Field Crops 100, 249–256. FAO. (2019). Outlook – Biannual Report Global Markets. FAO, Rome. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. How feed world 2050. BARC. (2012). FRG (Fertilizer recommendation guide). Council (BARC), Dhaka. Ghaffarzadeh, (1997). Economic biological berseem clover oat corn-soybean-oat rotations. Production Agriculture, 10, 314–319. Ghosh, (2004). Growth, groundnut/cereal fodder semi-arid tropics India. 88, 227–237. Gebru, H. (2015). Review comparative Biology, Healthcare, 5 (7), 28–38. Hiebsch, (1980). Principles intercropping: Effects nitrogen fertilization, plant population duration equivalency ratios versus monoculture comparisons. Ph.D. Dissertation. North Carolina State University, Raleigh. Hossain, H., Bhowal, Khan, R. vegetables. Malaysian Medical Biological 2(2), 153–156. J. feasibility chili gourd. Innovation Technology, (2), 64–69. Islam, Evaluation turmeric-mung bean functions. Acta Agriculturae Slovenica, 111(1), 199–207. Molla, Main, (2016). Productivity sesame turmeric marginal farmers level Bangladesh. SAARC 14(1), 47–58. garden pea (Pisium sativum farmers’ field. 43(4), 691–702. Kheroar, Patra, (2013). Advantages maize-legume Science 3, 733–744. Krishi diary NARC. information service, Ministry Mead, Willey, W. a “land ratio” advantages yields from intercropping. Experimental 16, 217–228. Mian, (2011). Weed growth, maize+spinach Science, 2(1&2), 41–46. Mohan, (2005). Performance legumes. Karnataka 18(2), 290–293. A., Umer, Ankara. Ofori, Stern, (1987). Cereal legume Advanced 41, 41–90. Parimaladevi, Thamirabarani basin Tamil Nadu. Pharmacognosy Phytochemistry, 8(3), 4051–4056. R CORE TEAM. R: language environment statistical computing. foundation computing, Vienna, Austria. Retrieved December 12, 2020 https://www.R-project.org/ Rahaman, On-farm short Charland Tangail. Agronomy Journal, 65–69. Rana, Shivran, Kumar, (2006). moisture-conservation practices rainfed conditions. journal 51(1), 24–26. Ranum, Pena-Rosas, Garcia-Casal, production, utilization consumption. Annals York Academy (1312), 105–112. Sarker, 11(1), 1–4. Sarvan, Ramna Murthy, Diversification rice (Oryza sativa north coastal zone Andhra Pradesh. Bioscan, 9(4), 1485–1490. Shaner, W., Philipp, Schemehl, farming development. West View Press (pp. 323–324). spinach: an underutilized perennial nutritional security developing world. Energy, Ecology Environment, 3(3), 195–205. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40974-018-0091-1